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Notifiable Medical Conditions (NMC) Disease List

What are Notifiable Medical Conditions?

Notifiable Medical Conditions (NMCs) are diseases that by law must be reported to government health authorities. These conditions are of significant public health importance because they either can cause outbreaks, require immediate public health action, or provide critical data for health surveillance and planning. Healthcare providers, laboratories, and other relevant entities are legally obligated to report cases of these conditions to public health departments.

Why NMCs Matter

  • Early detection of disease outbreaks
  • Monitoring disease trends and patterns
  • Evaluating the effectiveness of prevention measures
  • Informing health policy and resource allocation
  • Enabling rapid response to public health threats

Notifiable Medical Conditions List

Infectious Diseases

  • Anthrax
  • Cholera
  • COVID-19
  • Diphtheria
  • Haemophilus influenzae invasive disease
  • Legionellosis
  • Leprosy
  • Listeriosis
  • Malaria
  • Measles
  • Meningococcal disease
  • Mumps
  • Pertussis (Whooping cough)
  • Plague
  • Poliomyelitis
  • Rabies
  • Rubella (German measles)
  • Tetanus
  • Tuberculosis
  • Typhoid and paratyphoid fever
  • Yellow fever

Vector-borne Diseases

  • Dengue fever
  • West Nile virus infection
  • Chikungunya
  • Zika virus disease
  • Lyme disease
  • Tick-borne encephalitis
  • Rift Valley fever
  • Japanese encephalitis

Zoonotic Diseases

  • Avian influenza
  • Brucellosis
  • Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
  • Echinococcosis
  • Hantavirus infection
  • Leptospirosis
  • Q fever
  • Trichinellosis

Sexually Transmitted Infections

  • Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
  • Chlamydia trachomatis infection
  • Gonococcal infection
  • Hepatitis B (acute and chronic)
  • Hepatitis C (acute and chronic)
  • Syphilis (all stages)
  • Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection

Vaccine-Preventable Diseases

  • Hepatitis A
  • Influenza (severe cases and outbreaks)
  • Pneumococcal disease (invasive)
  • Rotavirus
  • Varicella (chickenpox) (outbreaks and deaths)

Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases

  • Campylobacteriosis
  • Cryptosporidiosis
  • Cyclosporiasis
  • Giardiasis
  • Salmonellosis
  • Shigellosis
  • Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC)
  • Yersiniosis
  • Vibrio infection

Hospital-Acquired Infections

  • Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE)
  • Clostridioides difficile infection
  • Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bloodstream infections
  • Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE)

Emerging Infectious Diseases

  • Emerging coronavirus infections
  • Emerging influenza viruses
  • Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV)
  • Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)
  • Ebola virus disease
  • Marburg virus disease
  • Lassa fever

Other Infectious Conditions

  • Acute flaccid paralysis
  • Acute rheumatic fever
  • Botulism
  • Group A streptococcal disease, invasive
  • Typhus (epidemic louse-borne)
  • Viral hemorrhagic fevers

Chronic Diseases (Reportable in Some Jurisdictions)

  • Diabetes (type 1 and type 2)
  • End-stage renal disease
  • Cancer (various types)
  • Asthma (severe cases)
  • COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease)

Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities

  • Autism spectrum disorder
  • Cerebral palsy
  • Down syndrome
  • Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders
  • Spina bifida
  • Congenital heart defects

Reporting Process

The reporting process for NMCs typically involves:

  1. Identification of a suspected or confirmed case by healthcare providers
  2. Laboratory confirmation when required
  3. Reporting to the appropriate public health authority within mandated timeframes
  4. Potential investigation by public health officials
  5. Data analysis to identify trends and inform public health actions

Reporting Timeframes

Different NMCs have different reporting timeframes based on their public health impact:

  • Immediate (within 24 hours): For highly virulent or rapidly spreading diseases
  • Urgent (within 7 days): For conditions that may pose public health risks but are less immediately threatening
  • Standard (within a month): For conditions requiring ongoing surveillance rather than immediate action

Impact of NMC Surveillance

  • Enabling early detection of potential epidemics for rapid response
  • Informing vaccination strategies and policy implementation
  • Tracking progress toward disease elimination targets
  • Prioritizing health resources and interventions based on disease burden
  • Supporting evidence-based public health policymaking
  • Contributing to global health security through international reporting

Note: The specific medical conditions that are notifiable vary by country, state, or jurisdiction. This list represents common NMCs across many regions but should be confirmed with local health authorities for official reporting requirements in specific areas.

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