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Understanding medical terminology for better health communicationGlossary of Medical Terms
A
Acute
[uh-kyoot]
Refers to a condition that comes on suddenly, is severe, and has a short duration.
Angioplasty
[an-jee-uh-plas-tee]
A procedure to open blocked or narrowed blood vessels that supply blood to the heart.
Arthritis
[ahr-thrahy-tis]
Inflammation of one or more joints, causing pain and stiffness that can worsen with age.
Arrhythmia
[uh-rith-mee-uh]
An improper beating of the heart, whether too fast, too slow, or irregularly.
Atherosclerosis
[ath-er-oh-skluh-roh-sis]
The buildup of fats, cholesterol, and other substances in and on the artery walls.
B
Biopsy
[bahy-op-see]
A procedure to remove a piece of tissue or a sample of cells from the body for laboratory examination.
Blood pressure
[bluhd presh-er]
The pressure of blood in the circulatory system, often measured for diagnosis of heart health.
Bradycardia
[brad-i-kahr-dee-uh]
A slower than normal heart rate, defined as fewer than 60 beats per minute.
Bronchitis
[brong-kahy-tis]
Inflammation of the lining of bronchial tubes, which carry air to and from the lungs.
C
Cardiovascular
[kahr-dee-oh-vas-kyuh-ler]
Relating to the heart and blood vessels.
Chronic
[kron-ik]
Persisting for a long time or constantly recurring; long-lasting health conditions.
Congestive heart failure
[kuhn-jes-tiv hahrt feyl-yer]
A chronic progressive condition where the heart muscle is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs for blood and oxygen.
CT Scan
[see-tee skan]
A computed tomography scan that combines a series of X-ray images taken from different angles to create cross-sectional images of bones, blood vessels, and soft tissues.
D
Dermatology
[der-muh-tol-uh-jee]
The branch of medicine concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of skin disorders.
Diabetes
[dahy-uh-bee-tiz]
A metabolic disease that causes high blood sugar levels due to problems with insulin production or function.
Diastolic pressure
[dahy-uh-stol-ik presh-er]
The blood pressure when the heart rests between beats, the bottom number in a blood pressure reading.
E
EKG/ECG
[ee-kay-jee / ee-see-jee]
Electrocardiogram - a test that checks for problems with the electrical activity of the heart.
Edema
[ih-dee-muh]
Swelling caused by excess fluid trapped in the body's tissues.
Endocrine system
[en-duh-krin sis-tuhm]
The collection of glands that produce hormones to regulate metabolism, growth, development, and reproduction.
F
Fibromyalgia
[fahy-broh-mahy-al-juh]
A disorder characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain accompanied by fatigue, sleep, and memory issues.
G
Gastroenterology
[gas-troh-en-ter-ol-uh-jee]
The branch of medicine that deals with the digestive system and its disorders.
Glaucoma
[glaw-koh-muh]
A group of eye conditions that damage the optic nerve, often associated with increased pressure within the eye.
H
Hypertension
[hahy-per-ten-shuhn]
High blood pressure, a common condition in which the long-term force of the blood against artery walls is high enough to cause health problems.
Hyperthyroidism
[hahy-per-thahy-roi-di-zuhm]
Overactivity of the thyroid gland, resulting in too much thyroid hormone in the bloodstream.
Hypothyroidism
[hahy-poh-thahy-roi-di-zuhm]
Underactivity of the thyroid gland, resulting in too little thyroid hormone in the bloodstream.
I
Inflammation
[in-fluh-mey-shuhn]
The body's immune system response to injury or infection, causing redness, swelling, pain, and heat.
Insomnia
[in-som-nee-uh]
The inability to fall asleep or stay asleep, even when you have the chance to do so.
Intravenous
[in-truh-vee-nuhs]
Within or administered into a vein, commonly used for delivering medications or fluids.
M
Mammogram
[mam-uh-gram]
An X-ray picture of the breast used to screen for breast cancer.
Melanoma
[mel-uh-noh-muh]
The most serious type of skin cancer, developing in the cells that produce melanin.
MRI
[em-ahr-ahy]
Magnetic Resonance Imaging - a medical imaging technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to create detailed images of organs and tissues.
N
Neurology
[noo-rol-uh-jee]
The branch of medicine dealing with disorders of the nervous system.
Nephrology
[nuh-frol-uh-jee]
The branch of medicine that deals with the kidneys and their diseases.
O
Oncology
[ong-kol-uh-jee]
The study and treatment of tumors and cancer.
Ophthalmology
[of-thal-mol-uh-jee]
The branch of medicine that deals with the anatomy and diseases of the eyeball and orbit.
Osteoporosis
[os-tee-oh-puh-roh-sis]
A bone disease that occurs when the body loses too much bone, makes too little bone, or both.
P
Pathology
[puh-thol-uh-jee]
The science of the causes and effects of diseases, especially the branch of medicine that deals with the laboratory examination of samples of body tissue.
Pediatrics
[pee-dee-at-riks]
The branch of medicine dealing with the health and medical care of infants, children, and adolescents.
Phlebotomy
[fluh-bot-uh-mee]
The drawing of blood from a vein, usually for diagnostic laboratory testing.
Pneumonia
[noo-mohn-yuh]
An infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs, which may fill with fluid.
R
Radiology
[rey-dee-ol-uh-jee]
The science dealing with X-rays and other high-energy radiation, especially for medical diagnosis and treatment.
Respiration
[res-per-ey-shuhn]
The process of taking in oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide, accomplished through breathing.
S
Systolic pressure
[sis-tol-ik presh-er]
The blood pressure when the heart beats, the top number in a blood pressure reading.
Symptom
[simp-tuhm]
A physical or mental feature that is regarded as indicating a condition of disease, particularly such a feature that is apparent to the patient.
T
Tomography
[tuh-mog-ruh-fee]
Imaging by sections or sectioning, through the use of any kind of penetrating wave.
Thrombosis
[throm-boh-sis]
The formation of a blood clot within a blood vessel, which obstructs blood flow.
U
Ultrasound
[uhl-truh-sound]
A diagnostic imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to produce images of structures within the body.
Urology
[yoo-rol-uh-jee]
The branch of medicine that focuses on surgical and medical diseases of the male and female urinary tract system.
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