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Abbreviated Glossary for Ilokano Examination
This glossary provides essential Ilokano vocabulary and expressions commonly encountered in academic examinations. Ilokano (or Ilocano) is the third most-spoken language in the Philippines, primarily used in the Ilocos Region and parts of Northern Luzon. This selection focuses on terms that students and test-takers are likely to encounter across various subject areas, organized by category for easy reference.
Common Verbs
| Ilokano | English | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Agbasa | To read/study | Commonly refers to studying textbooks or materials |
| Agsurat | To write | Important for examination instructions |
| Agwenwet | To listen | Often used in test instructions |
| Agkasta | To do/make | Frequently used in academic contexts |
| Agbalin | To become | Used in transformational questions |
| Agsao | To speak/talk | Refers to oral communication |
| Agpanunot | To think | Important for problem-solving contexts |
| Agserbi | To serve | Often used in civics and citizenship contexts |
| Agpakita | To show | Used when answering explanation questions |
| Agsubli | To return/answer back | Used in response to questions |
Question and Instruction Words
| Ilokano | English | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Ania | What | Basic question word |
| Sino | Who | Used for people |
| Kakan | Where | Used for locations |
| Kapuan | When | Used for time references |
| Ngamin | Why | Used for explanatory answers |
| Paman | How | Used for procedural explanations |
| Noanos | Which | Used for selection questions |
| Kadi | Do you/Is it | Yes/no question marker |
| Dita | There | Referential word often used in questions |
| Dita | Here | Demonstrative word for location |
Academic Vocabulary
| Ilokano | English | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Eskuela | School | Basic educational term |
| Maestro | Teacher (male) | Academic personnel reference |
| Maestra | Teacher (female) | Academic personnel reference |
| Estudiante | Student | Learner reference |
| Banbassit | Small/young | Used for younger students |
| Nabaknang | Rich/prosperous | Used in economics contexts |
| Napintas | Beautiful/good | Qualitative assessment term |
| Nasayaat | Good/better | Positive evaluation term |
| di-maung | Bad/wrong | Negative evaluation term |
| Saan | No/not | Negative response marker |
Numbers and Quantifiers
| Ilokano | English | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Maysa | One | Basic number |
| Dua | Two | Basic number |
| Tallo | Three | Basic number |
| Uppat | Four | Basic number |
| Lima | Five | Basic number |
| Dagiti | The (plural marker) | Used for multiple items |
| Amin | All | Inclusive quantifier |
| Adda | There is/are | Existence marker |
| Awan | There is/are not | Non-existence marker |
| Umay | Will come | Future tense indicator |
Time and Temporal Expressions
| Ilokano | English | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Ag-aldaw | Every day | Daily frequency |
| Isu | Now/today | Present time reference |
| Idi | Before/past | Past time reference |
| Bukas | Tomorrow | Future time reference |
| Kaudian | Recently/lately | Near past time reference |
| Nabiit | Just now/a while ago | Immediate past |
| Siga | Often/usually | Frequency indicator |
| Paminsan | Once | Occurrence frequency |
| Kadua | Twice | Occurrence frequency |
| Kabayatan | During/while | Concurrent time reference |
Subject Area Specific Terms
| Ilokano | English | Subject Context |
|---|---|---|
| Awan ti awan | Nothingness/zero | Mathematics |
| Numari | To count/number | Mathematics |
| Likido ti danum | Water molecule | Science |
| Agtubo | To grow/plant | Science/Agriculture |
| Pudno | True/factual | Social Studies |
| Ballasang | Historical figure | History |
| Lugar | Place/location | Geography |
| Daga | Land/soil | Geography |
| Baybay | Coast/shore | Geography |
| Adu ti panunotem | Fresh/fertile ideas | Creative Writing |
Connectors and Linking Words
| Ilokano | English | Usage Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Ngarud | So/therefore | Conclusion marker |
| Gapu | Because | Causality marker |
| Ngem | But | Contrast marker |
| Kasta | Like/such as | Comparison marker |
| Kasla | As if/like | Simile marker |
| Agsanukay | Alternating | Sequence marker |
| Kasatan | As well as | Inclusive marker |
| Masapul | Need to/must | Necessity marker |
| Sibilin | Should | Obligation marker |
| No | If | Condition marker |
Pronouns and Person Markers
| Ilokano | English | Grammatical Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Sia | He/She/It | Third person singular pronoun |
| Dakami | We (exclusive) | First person plural, exclusive of listener |
| Dakayo | We (inclusive) | First person plural, inclusive of listener |
| Kaykayo | You (plural) | Second person plural pronoun |
| Kadakuami | Between us | Exclusive relationship marker |
| Kadakayo | Between you (plural) | Second person plural relationship marker |
| Ti bukod ko | My own | Possessive emphasis |
| Ti bukod na | His/Her own | Third person possessive emphasis |
| Siasino | Whoever | Indefinite pronoun |
| Ania man | Whatever | Indefinite pronoun |
Cultural and Place References
| Ilokano | English | Cultural Context |
|---|---|---|
| Ilocos | Ilocos Region | Primary region where Ilokano is spoken |
| Cagayan | Cagayan Province | Region with significant Ilokano population |
| Isabela | Isabela Province | Region with significant Ilokano population |
| La Union | La Union Province | Region where Ilokano is primarily spoken |
| Pangasinan | Pangasinan Province | Region with significant Ilokano population |
| Bannuar | Hero | Important in Philippine historical context |
| Ubbog | Spring/water source | Geographical feature common in the region |
| Kadakkelan a tao | Elder/grown-up | Cultural respect term |
| Baro | Young man | Cultural role designation |
| Bakit | Young woman | Cultural role designation |
Adjectives and Descriptive Terms
| Ilokano | English | Usage Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Nadagas | Clean | Physical cleanliness |
| Naranggas | Dirty/ruined | Physical condition |
| Nagaget | Diligent/hardworking | Positive character trait |
| Narigat | Hard/difficult | Challenge descriptor |
| Nasayaat | Good | General positive descriptor |
| Panggep | Important/essential | Value assessment |
| Nasirib | Wise/intelligent | Mental capability |
| Kurbabawywan | Narrow-minded | Negative mental attribute |
| Nakaparsua | Existing/present | Existence descriptor |
| Pimmusay | Dead/deceased | Vital status descriptor |
Common Ilokano Expressions in Test Contexts
| Ilokano | English | Test Instructions Context |
|---|---|---|
| Basaen ti mangngep | Read carefully | General test instruction |
| Suratennak ti pakaammo | Write information down | Instruction for information recall |
| Piliem ti husto | Choose the correct one | Multiple choice instruction |
| Isigura ti saludsod | Answer the question | General instruction for responses |
| Ipakita ti panagaramat | Show the usage/application | Application question instruction |
| Iplano ti mangngep | Analyze carefully | Critical thinking instruction |
| Iyaspin ti panunotem | Express your thought | Essay question instruction |
| Paspasemda ti panagsurat | Write quickly | Time constraint instruction |
| Ituloy koma | Please continue | Extension instruction |
| Wagannak ti surat | Submit your paper/work | Final submission instruction |
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